70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Good Tool Design for Women B. Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries
C. Examples of Good Tool Design D. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection
71. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?
A. It’s kept close to the body. B. It fully uses muscle power.
C. It makes users feel relaxed. D. It’s operated with less force.
72. What is Figure I used to show?
A. The effective use of the tool B. The way of operating the tool.
C. The proper design of the handle. D. The purpose of bending the wrist.
73. In choosing tools for women, _______ of the handle is the most important.
A. the size B. the edge C. the shape D. position
C.
When we perceive other people, we seldom describe a person in cold and objective words. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly---perhaps with a two-second glance.
We try to obtain information about others in may ways. Social scientist Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person: questions, self-disclosures(自我表露), and so on.
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and description It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent(前后不一致) behavior. Ironically (讽刺性的) those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enables us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements.)
74. The word “pinpoint” (in 1st para0 is closest in means to _______.
A. appreciate B. obtain C. identifyD. interpret
75. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A. People like to be described in cold, objective words.
B. It is impossible to get inside of a person.
C. It is difficult to describe a person in words.
D. Getting to know a person is usually no easy job.
76. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ______.
A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasion
B. the best way to know a person is by making comparisons
C. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly
D. face –to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person
77. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _______.
A. discuss the various aspects of getting to know people
B. provide ways of how to obtain information about people
C. warn readers of the negative side of people’s characters
D. give advice on appropriate behaviors for social occasions
Section C:
For years, there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家). In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B. Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by … science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”
The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (确认) the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments — the tools of psychology — bring more lasting benefits than drugs.
You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.
Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”. Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment.”
When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit (损伤名誉)itself.”
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)
78. Clinical psychologists can’t explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they rely on____________________.
79. What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?
80. According to Baker, what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practicing effective treatment?
81. To avoid discrediting psychology, clinical psychologists need to __________________.
2017年上海高考英语模拟试题(含答案)
第II卷(共47分)
I. Translation:
82. 你有兴趣参加今晚的英语演讲比赛吗?(mood)
83. 新建的医院让这里的居民就医方便多了。(…it…)
84. 慈善晚会上募集的款项将用来建一座社区老年活动中心。(collect)
85. 这位经理有丰富的酒店管理经验,因此他处理客人的投诉总是得心应手。(full of)
86. 万一你在森林中迷路,最保险的做法是留在原地,并设法立刻与专业营救队取得联系。(in case)
II. Guided writing:
以下是三座城市在就业、娱乐、环境方面的满意度。假如你的家庭打算移居到其中的某座城市,请从你和家庭的情况考虑选择一座比较满意的城市,并简要谈谈选择这座城市的理由。
提示:不必对图表中的数据做详细描写。
2017年上海高考英语模拟试题答案
1-10 CCCDA CBDDC 11-13 BCA 14-16 BDA
17. flat 18. convenience 19. electricity 20. December
21. sales income 22. equipment and technology 23. commercials 24. stay profitable
25. to relax 26. standing 27. might 28. whatever/what 29. to 30. were handed
31.had ordered 32. even if 33. if 34. The 35. Further 36. which 37. reused 38. that
39. yourself 40. until
41-50 FACIG EJKHB
51-55 DBACA 56-60 BDACD 61-65 CBADB
66-69 BCAD 70-73 BDCA 74-77 CDCA
78. their personal experience
79. The great progress in psychological research
80. Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training
81. support their treatment with science
1. Are you in the mood to take part in the English speech contest?
2. The newly-built hospital has made it more convenient for the people here to see doctors.
3. The fund/ money collected /which was collected in the charity party will be used to set up a community recreation centre for the elderly.
4. The manager is full of experience in hotel management, so he is always able to deal with consumers’ complaints effectively.
5. In case you get lost in a forest, the safest way is to stay where you are and try to get in touch with a professional rescue team immediately.